• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
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    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention relates to a dye-sensitized solar cell including a working electrode (1), a first conducting layer(3) for extracting photo-generated electrons from the working electrode, a porous insulation substrate (4) made of a microfibers, wherein the first conducting layer is a porous conducting layer formed on one side of the porous insulation substrate, a counter electrode including a second conducting layer (2) arranged on the opposite side of the porous substrate, and electrolyte for transferring electrons from the counter electrode to the working electrode. The porous insulation substrate comprises a layer (5) of woven microfibers and a layer (6) of non-woven microfibers disposed on the layer of woven. The present invention also relates to a method for producing a dye-sensitized solar cell.
    公开号:SE1200791A1
    申请号:SE1200791
    申请日:2012-12-28
    公开日:2013-10-05
    发明作者:Henrik Lindstroem；Giovanni Fili
    申请人:Exeger Sweden Ab；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Technical Field The present invention relates to a color-sensitized solar cell containing a porous insulating substrate consisting of a ceramic microfiber, in which a first conductive layer is formed on one side. of the porous insulating substrate, and a second conductive layer is provided on the opposite side of the porous substrate. The invention also relates to a porous insulating substrate for a color-sensitized solar cell. The invention also relates to a method for producing the porous insulating substrate and the conductive layer.
    Prior Art Dye-sensitized Solar Cell (DSC) has been developed over the past 20 years and works according to similar principles as photosynthesis. Unlike silicon solar cells, these cells absorb the energy of sunlight with the help of dyes that can be manufactured cheaply, environmentally friendly and in abundant quantities.
    A conventional sandwich-type solar cell has a few microns thick porous TiO 2 electrode layer deposited on a transparent conductive substrate. The TiO 2 electrode layer comprises linked TiO 2 metal oxide particles which have been dyed by having adsorbed dye molecules on the surface of the TiO 2 particles and which form a working electrode. The transparent conductive substrate usually consists of a transparent conductive oxide deposited on a glass substrate. The transparent conductive oxide layer acts as a back contact that picks up photogenerated electrons from the working electrode. The TiO 2 electrode is in contact with an electrolyte and another transparent conductive substrate which forms a counter electrode.
    The sunlight is taken up by the dye, which forms photo-excited electrons which are transferred to the conduction band in the TiO2 particles and from there on to the conductive substrate. At the same time, I - particles in the redox electrolyte reduce the oxidized dye and transport the formed electron acceptor to the counter electrode. The tv5 conductive substrate is sealed along the edges to protect the DSC modules from the surrounding atmosphere, as well as to prevent evaporation or leakage of the DSC components inside the cell.
    WO2011 / 096154 discloses a sandwich-type DSC module comprising: a porous insulating substrate, a working electrode containing a porous conductive metal layer formed of: A the porous insulating substrate and forming a back contact, a porous semiconductor layer having an adsorbed dye, arranged on top of the porous conductive metal layer, and a transparent substrate accustomed to the porous semiconductor layer, intended to be directed towards the sun and to transmit the sunlight to the porous semiconductor layer. The DSC module further comprises a counter electrode containing a conductive substrate arranged on the opposite side of the porous semiconductor layer on the porous insulating substrate, and at a distance from the porous insulating substrate, so that a gap is thereby formed between the porous insulating substrate and the conductive substrate. An electrolyte is filled in the gap between the working electrode and the counter electrode. The porous conductive metal layer can be made of an adhesive containing metal particles or metal-based particles which are laid on top of the porous insulating substrate by means of printing techniques, followed by heating, drying and firing. An advantage of this type of DSC module is that the conductive layer of the working electrode is arranged between the porous insulating layer and the porous semiconductor layer. This means that the conductive layer of the working electrode does not have to be transparent, and can therefore be made of a material with a high conductivity, which increases the current handling capacity of the D5C module and ensures a high efficiency of the DSC module.
    High demands are placed on the porous insulating substrate. An ideal portist insulating substrate needs to meet the following requirements: The substrate needs to have sufficient mechanical strength to cope with the mechanical handling and manufacturing process. During the DSC's manufacturing process, the substrate is subjected to mechanical handling such as: cutting processes, stacking and unstacking processes, printing processes, drying processes, air / vacuum sintering processes, sealing processes, etc. Substrates that do not show sufficient mechanical strength can suffer damage during handling and manufacturing processes, which results in defective solar cells, which in turn slows down the yield during manufacturing.
    The substrate needs to be sufficiently heat resistant and exhibit I5g mechanical deformation and / or I5g% dust of mechanical stability after heat treatment at high temperature. During the manufacturing process, the substrate is exposed to temperatures of 500 ° C in air and 580 ° C - 650 ° C in a vacuum or inert atmosphere. The substrate needs clear temperatures in air of up to 500 ° C without significant mechanical deformation or loss of mechanical stability.
    The substrate needs clear temperatures in a vacuum or inert atmosphere of up to 580 ° C or higher without significant mechanical deformation or loss of mechanical stability.
    The substrate needs to be chemically inert in high temperature processes. During the various heat treatments at high temperature, the substrate is exposed to e.g. hot air, hot air containing organic solvents, hot air containing organic combustion products, and hydrogen gas. The substrate needs to be chemically inert during all these heat treatments at high temperature and must not react chemically so that the substances that may be harmful can form the DSC.
    The substrate needs to talk about the chemicals used in the DSC. The DSC contains reactive substances such as e.g. organic solvents, organic dyes, and ions such as r and mm. In order for the DSC to function stably and have a good service life, the substrate must not react with the active substances in the cell because of the chemical composition in the cell of others or so that the substances that may be harmful to the cell are formed. 3 The substrate needs to allow rapid transport of ions between the electrodes. In order to enable rapid transport of ions between the electrodes, the substrate needs to have a sufficiently high porosity (pore volume fraction) and a low tortuousness factor.
    The substrate needs to be electrically insulating. This is to prevent electrical short circuit between the counter electrode and the pantograph.
    The distance between the counter electrode and the working electrode is affected by the thickness of the substrate. The distance between the counter electrode and the working electrode should be as small as monthly so that the ion transport between the counter electrode and the working electrode can take place as fast as monthly. Therefore, the thickness of the substrate should be as low as possible.
    The substrate needs to have sufficient capacity to block the conductive particles in the pressure black from seeping through the substrate. To avoid electrical short circuit between the conductive layers printed on both sides of the substrate, the substrate needs to be able to block the conductive particles printed on one side of the substrate from seeping through to the other side of the substrate.
    To summarize, the porous insulating substrate needs to allow ions to pass through the substrate and prevent particles from passing through the substrate, as well as to have sufficient mechanical properties. WO 2011/096154 proposes the use of a glass fiber paper as a porous insulating substrate. The glass fiber paper may be of woven glass fibers containing glass fibers, or of non-woven glass fibers in the form of a sheet containing glass fibers held together in a suitable manner.
    By using glass-based substrates as numbers hag temperature s5, it is possible to meet most of the above-mentioned requirements. However, if the substrate is made of non-woven microglass fibers, then the substrate needs to be made very thick in order to withstand the mechanical handling and processes during the production of the solar cell. This is due to the fact that nonwoven glass microfibers have very poor mechanical properties, and thus substrates based on nonwoven glass microfibers need to be made of large thickness in order to achieve their mechanical stability. A substrate with a large thickness leads to a large distance between the counter electrode and the working electrode, and thus to slow ion transport between the counter electrode and the working electrode.
    Wavy glass fibers, i.e. glass woven, comprises woven yarns of glass microfibers, each fiber yarn consisting of a plurality of glass microfibers. Woven glass fibers Are by nature mechanically much stronger than non-woven glass fibers. In addition, the thickness of woven fibers can be made very thin while maintaining mechanical strength. On the other hand, woven fibers usually have large ones between the woven yarns, which causes a large part of the particles from the printing black to seep straight through the substrate in an uncontrolled manner over the entire surface of the fiber weave, which causes an electrical short circuit between the counter electrode and the current collector. These holes in the fabric make it black to print a black containing metal particles or 4 metal-based particles on both sides of the porous insulating substrate without creating an electrical short circuit, unless the particles are much larger than these hl. However, if the printing black contains such large particles that the conductive metal layers become too thick. Thick conductive metal layers increase the distance between the counter electrode and the working electrode and result in a slower ion transport between the counter electrode and the working electrode.
    SUMMARY AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to provide a dye-sensitized solar cell having a porous insulating substrate which meets the above-mentioned claims.
    The spirit is achieved by a color-sensitized solar cell as defined in claim 1.
    The color-sensitized solar cell contains a working electrode, a first conductive layer for extracting photogenerated electrons from the working electrode, a porous insulating substrate made of ceramic microfibers, usually in the first conductive layer is a porous conductive layer formed on one side of the porous insulating substrate, a counter electrode containing a second conductive layer disposed on the opposite side of the porous insulating substrate, and electrolyte for transferring electrons from the counter electrode to the working electrode. The solar cell is characterized in that the porous insulating substrate comprises a layer of woven microfibers and a layer of non-woven microfibers arranged on the layer of woven microfibers on a first side of the substrate.
    A microfiber is a fiber with a diameter smaller than 10 μm and larger than 1 nm. Ceramic microfibers are fibers made of refractory and inert materials, such as glass, SiO2, Al2O3 and aluminum silicate.
    We have come to the conclusion that by combining the properties of woven and nonwoven microfibers, it is possible to meet all the above-mentioned requirements for an ideal porous insulating substrate. A woven yarn can be very thin and mechanically very strong, but it contains a large slip between the woven yarns. On the other hand, Jr said the nonwoven microfibers were mechanically weak but have excellent filtering properties and block conductive particles in the pressure black from seeping through the porous insulating substrate. By depositing a thin layer of nonwoven microfibers on top of the layer of woven microfibers, it is possible to prevent the particles in the black from passing straight through the woven fiber, and it is possible to meet all the above-mentioned requirements. The thin notched layer of nonwoven microfibers is mechanically stabilized by the supporting layer of woven microfibers.
    According to an embodiment of the invention, the first conductive layer is deposited on the layer of nonwoven microfibers. The nonwoven layer provides a smooth surface on the substrate which is suitable for applying a smooth conductive layer to the substrate by means of printing techniques.
    According to an embodiment of the invention, the layer of woven microfibers comprises yarns with halo formed between the individual woven yarns, and At least a part of the nonwoven microfibers accumulates in the space between the yarns. This means that the thickness of the layer of nonwoven fibers varies depending on the placement of halo in the woven layer of microfibers, so that the layer of nonwoven microfibers is thicker in Wen in the layer of woven microfibers and thinner on top of the yarns in the layer of woven microfibers. . The layer of non-woven microfibers protrudes into the tail between the yarns. This embodiment reduces the thickness of the nonwoven microfiber layer and makes it possible to provide a thin substrate. As a result, s5 the distance between the counter electrode and the working electrode can be kept short and the transport of ions between the counter electrode and the working electrode can take place quickly. The thickness of the substrate decreases considerably compared to if a uniformly thick layer of nonwoven fibers were to be laid on the sheet of woven microfibers such as stacking a sheet of nonwoven microfibers on top of a sheet of woven microfibers.
    According to an embodiment of the invention, the porous insulating substrate comprises a second layer of nonwoven microfibers arranged on the layer of woven microfibers on a second side of the substrate. By providing the other side of the woven microfiber layer with a second layer of non-woven microfibers, a symmetrically and mechanically more stable substrate is obtained, and the substrate can be prevented from settling during the heat treatment when the solar cell is produced. In addition, the second layer of nonwoven microfibers further enhances the blocking of conductive particles in the black from penetrating directly through the woven fiber.
    This embodiment provides a smooth surface on both sides of the substrate and thereby it is possible to deposit smooth conductive layers on the sides with the aid of printing techniques. Preferably, the second conductive layer is deposited on the other side of the substrate on the second layer of nonwoven microfibers.
    According to one embodiment of the invention, the woven microfiber is made of woven yarn containing a plurality of microfibers, hereinafter referred to as filaments, and the diameter of the microfibers in the layer of nonwoven microfibers is smaller than the diameter of the filaments in the layer of woven microfibers. This embodiment makes it possible for the fibers to accumulate in the space between the yarns and then block the tail.
    According to one embodiment of the invention, Jr said the layer of woven microfibers made of a glass fabric. The glass fabric is mechanically very strong and can be very thin and can be sufficiently strong.
    According to one embodiment of the invention, the layer of nonwoven microfibers is made of nonwoven glass microfibers. Fiberglass can withstand the high temperatures used in the heat treatment of solar cells during the manufacturing process. It is also possible to use other types of ceramic microfibers such as fibers of silica (SI02), alumina (Al2 O3), aluminum silicate or quartz. According to an embodiment of the invention s5, the thickness p5 layer of woven microfibers is between 4 μm and 30 μm, preferably between 4 μm and 20 μm and most often between 4 μm and 10 μm. Such a layer offers the mechanical strength required while being thin enough to allow rapid transport of ions between the counter electrode and the working electrode.
    According to an embodiment of the invention 55, the microfibers in the layer of nonwoven microfibers have a diameter less than 4 μm, preferably less than 1 μm, and aura less than 0.5 μm. By using very thin fibers s5, the thickness p5 of the layer of non-woven microfibers is reduced and thereby also the thickness p5 of the substrate. In addition, the thin fibers effectively block the tail in the layer of woven microfibers and prevent conductive particles from seeping through the substrate and the arm is prevented from forming an electrical short circuit.
    A further object of the present invention is to provide a porous insulating substrate which meets the above-mentioned requirements. This breath is filled with a porous insulating substrate 55 as defined in claim 10. The above-described properties of the porous insulating substrate of the solar cell also apply to the porous insulating substrate itself.
    Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of making a porous insulating substrate which meets the above-mentioned requirements and a porous conductive layer formed on the insulating substrate.
    This breath is fulfilled by a method 55 as defined in claim 11. The method comprises: preparing the porous insulating substrate by providing a web of woven ceramic microfibers comprising yarns with h51 formed between the yarns, preparing a fibrous stock solution by mixing a liquid and ceramic microfibers, thank a first side of the fabric with the fibrous stock solution, empty the liquid frail fiber stock solution through the holes in the fabric, and dry the biota fabric with the microfibers deposited on the fabric, and deposit a black containing conductive particles on one side of the insulating substrate to form a porous conductive layer.
    By emptying the liquid from the fiber stock release through the holes in the fabric, the microfibers follow the liquid and a large part of the non-woven microfibers accumulates in the tail between the yarns, thereby reducing the size of the tail between the yarns. This method makes it possible to produce an insulating substrate which is sufficiently compact to prevent the conductive particles in the black from penetrating the substrate and thin enough to allow rapid ion transport between the counter electrode and the working electrode. The layer of nonwoven fibers on top of the layer of woven fibers provides a smooth surface to press on. According to an embodiment of the invention, step a) further comprises: filling a second side of the web with fibrous stock solution and emptying the liquid from the fiber stock solution through the tail of the web, and step b) further comprises: depositing the black on the other side of the web above the microfibers provided to form a porous conductive layer on a second side of the porous insulating substrate. This embodiment provides a smooth surface on both sides of the substrate and makes it possible to apply smooth conductive layers on both sides of the substrate by printing techniques.
    According to an embodiment of the invention sa, step a) further comprises adding a binder to the fiber stock solution. The addition of a binder to the fiber stock solution increases the bonding of nonwoven fibers to each other and increases the bonding of nonwoven fibers to the fabric. In addition, the supply of a binder to the fiber stock solution makes it possible to reduce the amount of fibers in the stock solution in order to achieve a suitable filling of the holes in the fabric.
    According to one embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises adding one or more additives selected from a group including a surfactant, a dispersant, a wetting agent, a defoamer, and a rheology modifier to the fiber stock solution. By using additive s5 it is possible to produce a thinner and more compact substrate with less slippery.
    Brief Description of the Drawings The invention will now be described in more detail by describing various embodiments of the invention and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
    Figure 1 shows a cross section through a color-sensitized solar cell according to an embodiment of the invention.
    Figure 2 shows an image from an optical microscope of a glass tissue Figure 3 shows an image from an optical microscope of a glass tissue treated with 20 g of glass microfiber stock solution on both sides.
    Figure 4 shows an image from an optical microscope of a glass tissue treated with 80 g of glass microfiber stock solution on both sides.
    Figure 5 shows a cross section through a porous insulating substrate according to an embodiment of the invention.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION The invention will now be described in more detail by the description of various embodiments of the invention and with reference to the accompanying figures. Figure 1 shows a cross-section through a Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSC) according to an embodiment of the invention. The DSC described in Figure 1 is of monolithic structure. The DSC comprises a working electrode 1 and a counter electrode 2. The gap between the working electrode and the counter electrode is filled with an electrolyte containing ions to transfer electrons from the counter electrode to the working electrode. The DSC module comprises a conductive layer 3 for extracting photogenerated electrons from the working electrode 1. The conductive layer 3 acts as a back contact and will hereinafter be referred to as the back contact layer. The working electrode 1 contains a porous Ti102 electrode layer arranged on top of the back contact layer 3. The TiO2 electrode comprises TiO2 particles which have been stained by adsorbing matrix molecules on the surface of the TiO2 particles. The working electrode is arranged p5 an upper side of the DSC module. The upper surface should be watered towards the sun so that the sunlight can hit the color electrode molecules of the working electrode.
    The DSC module further comprises a porous insulating substrate 4 arranged between the working electrode 1 and the counter electrode 2. The porosity of the porous insulating substrate allows ion transport through the substrate. The porous insulating substrate 4 is made of ceramic microfiber, e.g. glass microfiber. Substrates made of ceramic microfibers are electrical insulators but are porous and allow armed liquids and electrolytes to penetrate. The ceramic microfibers are inexpensive, chemically inert, can withstand high temperatures and are easy to handle in various process steps.
    The porous insulating substrate 4 comprises a layer of woven microfibers 5 and a first layer of non-woven microfibers 6 arranged on the layer of woven microfibers 5 on a first side of the substrate. This means that a thin and strong substrate can be provided.
    The back contact layer 3 is a porous conductive layer disposed on the first side of the substrate on top of the layer of nonwoven microfibers 6. In the embodiment described in Figure 1, the substrate further comprises a second layer of nonwoven fibers 7 disposed on the layer of woven microfibers. 5 p5 a second side of the substrate. By providing both sides of the layer of woven microfibers with layers of nonwoven microfibers, a symmetrical substrate is obtained.
    This prevents the substrate from settling during the heat treatment during the production of the solar cell and also helps to prevent the particles in the printing black from penetrating the layer of woven microfibers. The porous insulating substrate 4 will be described in more detail below with reference to Figure 5.
    The counter electrode contains a conductive layer 2, hereinafter referred to as the counter electrode layer. In this embodiment, the counter electrode layer 2 is a porous conductive layer disposed on the other side of the porous insulating substrate 4 on top of the second layer of nonwoven microfibers 7. When a porous conductive layer is used as the counter electrode s5, it is a part of the counter electrode which lies opposite the working electrode. The back contact layer 3 and the counter electrode layer 25 are physically and electrically separated by the porous insulating substrate 4. However, the back contact layer and the counter electrode layer 5 are electrically connected by the ions penetrating the porous insulating substrate. The porous conductive layers 2, 3 can be produced with the aid of a black which contains metal particles or metal-based particles and which is arranged on top of the porous insulating layer 4 with the aid of printing technology, and which is then yarn's, dried and burned. The particles are usually between 0.1 .mu.m-10 .mu.m, preferably between 0.5 .mu.m-2 .mu.m.
    The DSC also includes a first disk 8 which tackles a top of the DSC module and a second disk 9 which tackles a underside of the DSC module and which act as barriers which protect the DSC modules from the surrounding atmosphere and which prevent the DSC components inside the cell evaporates or varnishes. The first disk 8 on the top of the DSC module thanks the working electrode and needs to be transparent for light to pass through.
    It is advantageous if the porous substrate is very thin, since a short distance between the working electrode and the counter electrode causes minimal losses to ft * of the diffusion resistance of the electrolyte. However, if the substrate is too thin, the mechanical strength of the substrate becomes too low. Preferably, the thickness of the porous insulating substrate is greater than 4 microns and less than 100 microns. Even more preferably, the thickness of the porous insulating substrate is less than 50 microns. The thickness of the porOsa insulating substrate is usually between 10 μm - 30 μm.
    The following is a detailed description of an example of a porous insulating substrate according to the invention. The porous insulating substrate is based on a layer of glass fabric made of woven yarn containing a plurality of glass fibers. Woven fibers are much stronger than non-woven fibers. In addition, layers of woven fibers can be kept thin while maintaining mechanical strength.
    Figure 2 shows an image flirting with an optical microscope representing a 15 μm thin glass fabric (Asahi Kasei E-materials). As can be seen in Figure 5a, the glass fabric comprises woven yarns 10a-b of glass fibers. Habitual yarns contain a number of glass fibers, also called filaments. The diameter of a filament is usually 4 pm - 5 pm, and the number of filaments in the yarn is usually 50.
    The glass fabric has large 115114 between the woven yarns, which would allow a large portion of the conductive particles in the printed blacks to penetrate straight through the fiber fabric in an uncontrolled manner. This is an unwanted effect. The size of the hen can be as large as 200 pm. To block the tail in the fabric, non-woven glass fibers are arranged on top of the fabric. This can be accomplished by bleaching the fabric into a solution containing fibers and then depositing the liquid portion of the release agent.
    Figure 3 shows an image from an optical microscope representing the glass fabric of image 2 treated with 20 g stock solution of glass microfiber on both sides, corresponding to 0.04 mg / cm 2 of deposited glass fiber on each side. As can be seen in the figure, the woven yarn in the glass fabric is thanks to the arranged non-woven glass fibers. It can also be seen in Figure 3 that the size of the tail in the fabric has decreased. However, full filling of the tail in the glass cloth has not been achieved.
    Figure 4 shows an image from an optical microscope representing the glass fabric shown in Figure 2, now treated with 80 g of glass microfiber stock solution on both sides, corresponding to 0.16 mg / cm 2 of glass fibers arranged on the usual side. As can be seen in Figure 4, the h5len is now covered with glass microfibers. Obviously, the hall in the glass fabric can be completely thanked by driving the amount of glass microfibers. Thus, it is possible to prevent particles in the printed blanks from penetrating directly through the fibrous web by arranging non-woven glass fibers on top of the woven glass fibers.
    If a binder, s5 such as inorganic binders s5 such as silicates, colloidal silica particles, silanes (eg straight silane, branched silane or cyclic silane), and colloidal A13 added to the fiber stock solution with the glass fibers, s5 the nonwoven glass fibers can adhere more strongly to the woven fibers. In addition, the layer consisting of nonwoven fibers becomes mechanically stronger in itself. It is Niger that it is possible to form a mechanically strong non-woven layer which adheres strongly to the woven layer by adding a binder to the fiber stock solution.
    Hereinafter, an example of a method for producing the porbsa substrate shown in Figure 4 is described. was placed on top of a seam of stainless steel (33 cm x 33 cm) in a hand sheet former and a log cylinder was placed on top of the glass fabric and then barred and stretched for 5 hours. A stock solution of glass microfibers was prepared by mixing 4000 g of distilled water with 8 g of glass microfibers (Johns Manville, special purpose type glass micro-fiber type 90, fiber diameter: 0.2 gm) and 400 g of aqueous colloidal silica (a solution containing 15% (v / v) SiO 2 in water) s5 that the finished concentration of silica was 1.5% (v / v). The mixing was performed using an Ultraturrax batch dispenser. The stock cylinder on the hand sheet former machine was filled with distilled water (containing 1.5% (v / v) silica) up to a level of 350 mm above the surface of the steel wire mesh. In the next step, 80 g of stock microfiber stock solution is halided in the hand sheet former. The glass fiber stock and the distilled water with silica were mixed with compressed air for 4 seconds and then allowed to settle for 6 seconds, after which the water was spun out through the glass cloth and the steel warp. The wet treated glass cloth was dried at 110 ° C in air in a belt oven. The glass cloth was then treated on the other side with the same process parameters as for the first treatment. The resulting substrate is shown in Figure 4. As can be seen in Figure 4, the woven yarn in the glass fabric is completely covered by the deposited nonwoven glass microfibers. The thickness of the glass fabric with the deposited glass microfibers was around 30 gm. This means that the total thickness of the nonwoven microfibers is around 15 .mu.m. By using a thinner glass fabric s5, it is possible to reduce the thickness further to the insulating substrate.
    After the porous insulating substrate has dried, black with conductive particles is printed on at least one side of the substrate on top of the layer of nonwoven microfibers to form a porous conductive layer on the porous insulating substrate. To produce a DSC module with a monolithic structure s5, the black must be deposited on both sides of the substrate on top of the 11 layers of nonwoven microfibers, to form porous conductive layers on both sides of the porous insulating substrate. On the other hand, if one is to produce a DSC module of sandwich structure 55, the black with the conductive particles p5 is deposited on only one side of the substrate.
    In order to ensure that the fibers in the microfibre stock solution are evenly distributed, it is advantageous to add additives to the distilled water before mixing in the microfibers. Some examples of suitable additives are surfactants, dispersants, blotting agents, defoamers, and rheology modifiers. It is advantageous to add one or more of these additives. The additives were burned off in subsequent process steps during the production of the solar cell, and clarfor will not remain in the final product. The purpose of the additives is to obtain free-standing, non-agglomerated fibers, so that the individual fibers can be arranged as close to each other as possible to create a thin, but at the same time compact layer of individual fibers. This means that it is possible to produce a thinner and more compact substrate with less penetration using additives.
    By adding surfactants to the fiber stock solution and to the dilution water s5, a smoother and more homogeneous fiber deposition can be achieved. It is also advantageous to add a wetting agent to the fiber stock solution so that the dilution water should be able to wade the fibers and the fabric. Also by adding a water-soluble polymer to the fiber stock solution and to the dilution water s5, a smoother and more homogeneous deposition of microfibers can be achieved. It turned out, however, that when a polymer is added, a foam steamer must also be added to avoid excessive foaming during spreading, stirring and emptying cycles. It is also advantageous to add rheology modifiers to alter the viscosity of the fiber stock solution and the dilution water.
    It is also possible to add binders to the fiber stock solution and the dilution water in order for the nonwoven fibers to bond better to each other and for the nonwoven fibers to bond better to the fabric. Inorganic binders such as silicates, colloidal silica particles, silanes, e.g. straight silane, branched silane or cyclic silane, and colloidal Al 2 O 3, are examples of binders that can be used.
    Figure 5 shows a cross section through a porous insulating substrate 4 prepared according to the method described by example above. The substrate has a layer 5 of woven microfibers containing woven yarns 10, which in turn comprise a plurality of filaments 11, and hal 14 formed between the yarns 10. The substrate further comprises two layers 6, 7 of nonwoven microfibers arranged on each side of layer 5 of woven microfibers. As can be seen in the figure, a rigid part of the non-woven fibers is collected in the cavity 14 between the yarns 10. This is a consequence of the fact that the liquid from the fiber stock solution is drained through the cavities in the fabric. This leads to the thickness of the microfiber layers 6, 7 varying depending on the location of the holes 14 in the woven layer of microfibers so that the non-woven layers are thicker in the holes 14 in the woven layer and thinner on top of the yarns 17 in the woven layer. The sides of the non-woven layers 6, 7 which wander away from the woven layer 5 are smooth, 12 but the opposite sides of the non-woven layers, those which wander towards the woven layer, are uneven and have thicker parts 16 projecting into the cavity 14 of the woven layer, and thinner parts 17 located above the yarns 10. The present invention can either be DSC of monolithic structure as for sandwich type DSC.
    The nonwoven microfibers should be thinner than the filaments in the woven layer of microfibers. This means that if the diameter of the filaments is about 4 microns, the fibers in the layers of nonwoven microfibers should have a diameter of less than 4 microns, less than 1, and more preferably less than 0.5 microns to block effectively set. The length p5 of the nonwoven fibers is e.g. 0.1 mm - 1 mm.
    The present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown, but may be varied and modified within the scope of the appended claims. For example, s5 the microfiber stock solution may contain microfibers of different materials and diameters. Although glass microfibers are used in the above examples, the invention is not limited to bile only glass microfibers. It is possible to use other variants of ceramic microfibers with similar properties. Furthermore, the microfibers in the nonwoven layer may be of a different ceramic material than the microfibers in the woven layer.
    In an alternative embodiment s5, the substrate may comprise a layer of nonwoven microfibers and a layer of woven microfibers which have been laminated together.
    In an alternative embodiment s5, the substrate has only one layer of nonwoven microfibers disposed on the fine side of the layer of woven microfibers. Although it is advantageous to have non-woven layers on both sides of the woven layer, it is not necessary. It is possible to deposit conductive layers on sides of the substrate even if only one side of the woven layer has been provided with a layer of non-woven microfibers. The conductive layer can be arranged on the non-woven layer as well as on the woven layer. A substrate with non-woven layers arranged on both sides of the woven layer can be thanked with a conductive layer on one side as well as on both sides.
    In an alternative embodiment s5, the porous insulating substrate has only a layer of nonwoven microfibers arranged on one side of a layer of woven microfibers and the conductive layer is arranged on the other side of the woven microfibers, i.e. the conductive layer is deposited on the woven microfibers and not on the nonwoven microfibers.
    The porOsa insulating substrate is a material that is porous, chemically inert, electrically insulating and can withstand high temperatures and this can also be used in other applications than in color-sensitized solar cells. The substrate can also be used for filtration / filtering applications to remove e.g. dust, organic, inorganic or biological microparticles, flour, sand, smoke, bacteria or pollen. The substrate can also be used as a separator material, to separate the cathode from the anode in electrochemical or photoelectrochemical devices such as fuel cells, batteries, electrochemical sensors, electrochromic screens and photoelectrochemical solar cells 14
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
    1. • • 7, 9
    类似技术:
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    KR101600740B1|2016-03-07|A dye-sensitized solar cell module having a serial structure and a method for manufacturing the solar cell
    US10043614B2|2018-08-07|Dye-sensitized solar cell and a method for manufacturing the solar cell
    TWI609501B|2017-12-21|Method for manufacturing dye-sensitized solar cells and solar cells so produced
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    CN109119573A|2019-01-01|The preparation method of lithium ion battery modified diaphragm
    KR20100047105A|2010-05-07|The method for producing the spherical structure for the photo-electrode of dye-sensitized solar cell
    Hossain et al.2015|Investigation of TiO2 nanotubes/nanoparticles stacking sequences to improve power conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells
    CN108922653A|2018-11-30|A kind of perovskite carbon pastes used for solar batteries and electrode
    CN107742580A|2018-02-27|A kind of method that quantum dot solar battery is prepared based on light absorption paint
    KR101215546B1|2012-12-26|manufacturing method non-sintered TiO2 electrode using TiO2 nano-wire and the TiO2 electrode thereby
    KR101448923B1|2014-10-14|Dye-sensitized solar cell comprising hybrid nano fibers by electrospinning as a polymer electrolyte, and the fabrication method thereof
    BR122017005957A2|2019-09-03|dye-sensitized solar cell including an insulating porous substrate and method for producing the insulating porous substrate
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    JP5978385B2|2016-08-24|
    EP3159155B1|2021-11-10|
    BR112014024935A2|2017-06-20|
    JP2015515755A|2015-05-28|
    KR101675658B1|2016-11-11|
    US20160196926A1|2016-07-07|
    CN104221108A|2014-12-17|
    CN104637693B|2018-05-04|
    US20170301478A1|2017-10-19|
    CA2866779C|2021-07-27|
    CN104221108B|2017-12-15|
    MX340471B|2016-07-07|
    US10256047B2|2019-04-09|
    CN106847515A|2017-06-13|
    RU2609775C2|2017-02-03|
    BR112014024935B1|2021-08-17|
    US9190218B2|2015-11-17|
    AU2013242933B2|2016-04-07|
    EP2834824A2|2015-02-11|
    US10249445B2|2019-04-02|
    EP3159155A1|2017-04-26|
    SE537449C2|2015-05-05|
    EP2834824B1|2019-10-09|
    WO2013149789A2|2013-10-10|
    RU2654521C1|2018-05-21|
    HK1204708A1|2015-11-27|
    MX2014012018A|2014-11-10|
    RU2014144280A|2016-05-27|
    ES2761201T3|2020-05-19|
    CN104637693A|2015-05-20|
    US20150075592A1|2015-03-19|
    WO2013149789A3|2014-03-13|
    KR20140139127A|2014-12-04|
    ZA201406791B|2015-11-25|
    CA2866779A1|2013-10-10|
    AU2013242933A1|2014-10-09|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    SE1230033A|SE537669C2|2012-04-04|2012-04-04|Dye-sensitized solar cell module with series-linked structural method for producing the solar cell|
    SE1200791A|SE537449C2|2012-04-04|2012-12-28|A dye-sensitized solar cell containing a porous insulating substrate and a method of producing the porous insulating substrate|SE1200791A| SE537449C2|2012-04-04|2012-12-28|A dye-sensitized solar cell containing a porous insulating substrate and a method of producing the porous insulating substrate|
    KR1020147030945A| KR101675658B1|2012-04-04|2013-03-08|A dye-sensitized solar cell including a composite substrate|
    CN201710068087.XA| CN106847515A|2012-04-04|2013-03-08|Dye-sensitized solar cell including composite base material|
    BR112014024935-0A| BR112014024935B1|2012-04-04|2013-03-08|STAINLESS SENSITIVE SOLAR CELL INCLUDING AN INSULATING POROUS SUBSTRATE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCTION OF THE POROUS INSULATING SUBSTRATE|
    PCT/EP2013/054790| WO2013149789A2|2012-04-04|2013-03-08|A dye-sensitized solar cell including a porous insulation substrate and a method for producing the porous insulation substrate|
    CA2866779A| CA2866779C|2012-04-04|2013-03-08|A dye-sensitized solar cell including a porous insulation substrate and a method for producing the porous insulation substrate|
    US14/390,804| US9190218B2|2012-04-04|2013-03-08|Dye-sensitized solar cell including a porous insulation substrate and a method for producing the porous insulation substrate|
    CN201510083212.5A| CN104637693B|2012-04-04|2013-03-08|Dye-sensitized solar cell including composite base material|
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    RU2016151318A| RU2654521C1|2012-04-04|2013-03-08|Dye sensitized solar cell comprising porous insulation substrate, and the method of producing porous insulating substrate|
    JP2015503797A| JP5978385B2|2012-04-04|2013-03-08|Dye-sensitized solar cell including porous insulator substrate and method for producing the porous insulator substrate|
    ES13710341T| ES2761201T3|2012-04-04|2013-03-08|Dye-sensitized solar cell including a composite substrate|
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    HK15105074.1A| HK1204708A1|2012-04-04|2015-05-28|A dye-sensitized solar cell including a composite substrate|
    US14/879,668| US10256047B2|2012-04-04|2015-10-09|Dye-sensitized solar cell including a porous insulation substrate and a method for producing the porous insulation substrate|
    US15/585,549| US10249445B2|2012-04-04|2017-05-03|Dye-sensitized solar cell including a porous insulation substrate and a method for producing the porous insulation substrate|
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